Ethiopia-Somaliland-Somalia-Egypt-Djibouti Pentarilateral Relations.
Ethiopia’s pursuit of maritime access is reshaping the Horn of Africa’s geopolitical landscape, challenging traditional power dynamics, and raising questions about sovereignty, regional influence, and economic survival. Since becoming landlocked after Eritrea’s independence in 1993, Ethiopia has faced constraints on its economic potential and strategic autonomy. Its reliance on ports like Djibouti has cost billions

